drhowell.net: Helping People By Sharing Ideas to Enhance Health

WHAT IS MYASTHENIA GRAVIS?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 10:32:00 PM | | 0 comments »

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at the postsynaptic level.
Although the cause of the disorder is unknown, the role of immune responses (circulating antibodies directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) in its pathogenesis is well established.
The disorder is characterized by fluctuating, fatigable weakness of muscles under voluntary control.
Some patients may have symptoms only late in the day or after physical exertion (eg, exercise).
As this disorder is highly treatable, prompt recognition is crucial. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the disease, leading to new treatment modalities and a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality.

WHAT IS TENSILON?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 10:28:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

Tensilon (edrophonium) is an anticholinesterase drug. Its pharmacological action is due primarily to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmission. Its effect is manifest within 30 to 60 seconds after injection and lasts an average of 10 minutes.


CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


FREE DOWNLOAD: My Chantix notes.


The husband of an anonymous Chantix user writes...
Dr. Howell, The hospital that my wife was in over a month ago gave my Chantix to help her stop smoking, she was on it for about two weeks when she was talking like a person who had a stroke.

She lost her motor skills and was having muscular problems.

I took her to the emergency room and they admitted her in the hospital I told them the only medication that was new was the Chantix they put her on two weeks earlier.

They gave her a shot that they give Parkinson patents to cause her convolutions to stop.

While she was in the hospital the Pharmacist that got the medication for her while she was in two weeks earlier call her in her room with the Drug Company that made the medication listening in on the call to here what problems she was having with the drug.

Well its been a few weeks and she still having problems.

We seem to be getting a run around.
The Easy Way to Stop Smoking: Join the Millions Who Have Become Nonsmokers Using the Easyway Method

EWG SAYS MOST SUNSCREENS NOT SAFE

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:07:00 AM | , , , | 0 comments »

Environmental Working Group (EWG), a nonprofit organization that released a report this week stating only 16 percent, or about 128 products, of nearly 800 over-the-counter sunscreens are both "safe and effective."

The list is chock-full of brand names such as Coppertone, Banana Boat, Olay and Neutrogena.[...read more...]


CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


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WHAT ARE YEAST?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:13:00 PM | , | 0 comments »


A single-celled fungus that thrives in moisture or water and reproduces either sexually or asexually. There exist over a thousand species of yeast on such species Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in baking. Another species Candida albicans, are opportunistic pathogens and can cause infection in humans.

WHAT IS THE APGAR SCORE?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 4:31:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »

The Apgar scoring system remains as relevant for the prediction of neonatal survival today as it was almost 50 years ago.
The 10-point Apgar score has been used to assess the condition and prognosis of newborn infants throughout the world for almost 50 years.

APGAR SCORE. Heart rate is evaluated by stethoscope. This is the most important assessment: If there is no heartbeat, the infant scores 0 for heart rate; If heart rate is less than 100 beats per minute, the infant scores 1 for heart rate; If heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute, the infant scores 2 for heart rate. Respiratory effort: If the infant is not breathing, the respiratory score is 0; If the respirations are slow or irregular, the infant scores 1 for respiratory effort; If the infant cries well, the respiratory score is 2. Muscle tone: If muscles are loose and floppy, the infant scores 0 for muscle tone; If there is some muscle tone, the infant scores 1; If there is active motion, the infant scores 2 for muscle tone. Reflex irritability is a term describing response to stimuli such as a mild pinch: If there is no reaction, the infant scores 0 for reflex irritability; If there is grimacing, the infant scores 1 for reflex irritability; If there is grimacing and a cough, sneeze, or vigorous cry, the infant scores 2 for reflex irritability. Color: If the skin color is pale blue, the infant scores 0 for color; If the body is pink and the extremities are blue, the infant scores 1 for color; If the entire body is pink, the infant scores 2 for color.

Apgar scores are useful for infants born before term (pre-term)...
For 13,399 infants born before term (at 26 to 36 weeks of gestation), the neonatal mortality rate was 315 per 1000 for infants with five-minute Apgar scores of 0 to 3, as compared with 5 per 1000 for infants with five-minute Apgar scores of 7 to 10.

Apgar scores are useful for infants born at term...
For 132,228 infants born at term (37 weeks of gestation or later), the mortality rate was 244 per 1000 for infants with five-minute Apgar scores of 0 to 3, as compared with 0.2 per 1000 for infants with five-minute Apgar scores of 7 to 10.

What is a hernia?

A hernia is a weakness or defect in the lining of the abdominal cavity.

The abdominal cavity among its many functions acts as a "housing" for our bodies
internal organs.

Any part of the abdominal cavity that is weak or defective represents a hernia.

Hernias are often times repaired tension-free with the use of a patch such as the Composix Kugel Mesh Patch.

*Why was the Composix Kugel Mesh Patch removed from the U.S. market?*

CHANTIX SAVES LIVES

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:08:00 PM | , , , , | 0 comments »


CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


Chantix and Pfizer provide an effective structured plan that increases success rate with Get-quit.com which is free for Chantix users.

Use of Chantix pills and Get-quit.com encourages patients with online support and appropriate follow-up with a health care provider.

Chantix is also included in Pfizer's patient assistance program that offers free medication to people who otherwise cannot afford their medication.

The approximate cost of Chantix is "$4.00-$4.22 per day." Many commercial insurances cover smoking cessation medication, but "it is variable from plan-to-plan."

In the United States, an estimated 44.5 million adults smoke cigarettes, and more than 8.6 million of them have at least 1 serious illness caused by smoking.

According to the American Cancer Society, “Tobacco is already the single greatest cause of preventable death in the world.”[...]

VIAGRA AS A TREATMENT FOR JET LAG

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:31:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

Common symptoms of jet lag include sleep disturbances, mood changes, stomach problems and decreased alertness.

Although there is no cure for it, new research has found that Viagra (sildenafil) could help quicken jet lag recovery on eastbound flights.

Argentine scientists have discovered that low doses of sildenafil (VIAGRA) helped hamsters recover up to 50 per cent faster from forward shifts in their daily time cycles.
http://www.hfxnews.ca/index.cfm?sid=39718&sc=89
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WHAT IS AN ACID?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 4:07:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »


[H+] pH Example
Acids 1 X 100 0 HCl
1 x 10-1 1 Stomach acid
1 x 10-2 2 Lemon juice
1 x 10-3 3 Vinegar
1 x 10-4 4 Soda
1 x 10-5 5 Rainwater
1 x 10-6 6 Milk
Neutral 1 x 10-7 7 Pure water
Bases 1 x 10-8 8 Egg whites
1 x 10-9 9 Baking soda
1 x 10-10 10 Tums® antacid
1 x 10-11 11 Ammonia
1 x 10-12 12 Mineral lime - Ca(OH)2
1 x 10-13 13 Drano®
1 x 10-14 14 NaOH
An acid hydrogen ion (H+) donor. Acids have pH values below 7. Acids are neutralized by bases.

HEMOGLOBIN TRIVIA

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 2:50:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

Hemoglin Trivia

  • Each red blood cell (RBC) contains about 280 million Hb molecules.
  • The average adult contains about 5 billion RBCs/milliliter of blood.
  • The average adult has about 5 liters of blood.
  • Thus, the average adult has about 790 grams of Hb.
*What is the normal level of hemoglobin for men and women?*

Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of

  • 4 globin molecules;
    • 2 alpha globins and
    • 2 beta globins.

Alpha-Globin and Beta-Globin
The alpha globin chain is composed of 141 amino acids and the beta globin chain is composed of 146 amino acids .

Both alpha and beta globin proteins share similar secondary and tertiary structures, each with 8 helical segments.

Each globin chain also contains one heme molecule.

The heme molecule is composed of a porphyrin ring, which contains 4 pyrrole molecules cyclically linked together, and an iron ion ligand bound in the center.

The alpha and beta subunits of the globin chains exist in two dimers which are bonded together strongly.

*What is the normal level of hemoglobin for men and women?*

WHAT IS A VEIN?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 1:48:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »


A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

The blood in veins is not oxygenated, with the exception of the pulmonary vein that takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The veins are colored blue by convention to designate that they carry non-oxygenated blood.

Veins are really identical in color to all the other blood vessels in the body.

Veins have valves formed by folds. The valves help to carry the blood to the heart.

WHAT IS MYOGLOBIN?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 1:13:00 PM | | 0 comments »

Myoglobin
Myoglobin is found in vertebrate muscle cells.

Muscle cells, when put into action, can quickly require a large amount of oxygen for respiration because of their incredible demand for energy.

Therefore, muscle cells use myoglobin to accelerate oxygen diffusion and act as localized oxygen reserves for times of intense respiration.

*What is the normal level of hemoglobin for men and women?*

The FDA has issued alerts regarding a potentially significant increase in the risk of heart attack and heart-related deaths in patients taking Avandia

The widow and son of a Beaumont, Texas, man are suing drug manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline based on claims that the popular diabetes drug Avandia contributed to the man's fatal heart attack.

The lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas is one of the first against the Philadelphia, Pa.-based pharmaceutical giant since a May 21, 2007, report linked Avandia use to an increased risk of heart attack in patients.[...read more...]

FIBROMYALGIA MEDICINE APPROVED

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:09:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

The FDA today approved Lyrica as the first drug treatment for fibromyalgia. Lyrica isn't a cure, but it may ease fibromyalgia pain for some patients, according to the FDA.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder of the muscles and related soft tissue, including ligaments and tendons. Its main symptoms are muscle pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and tender points at certain points of the body.

Fibromyalgia affects about 3 million to 6 million people in the U.S each year. The disorder mostly affects women and typically develops in early to middle adulthood, according to the FDA.[...read more...]
FIBROMYALGIA BLOG

(9-12 wks)
Chantix 0.5 bid 45%
Chantix 1.0 bid 51%
Bupropion 30%
Placebo 17%

(9-52 wks)
Chantix 0.5 bid 19%
Chantix 1.0 bid 23%
Bupropion 16%
Placebo 4%

bid="twice in a day"


Spanish Translation | Traducción en Español

Vitamin B6 (Pyrodoxine)

Used for:

  • Energy production,
  • red blood cell formation,
  • immunity,
  • nervous system and
  • hormone function.

Best food sources:
  • Lean beef,
  • tuna,
  • halibut,
  • legumes,
  • enriched and fortified cereals and baked goods,
  • leafy green vegetables.

Deficiency problems:
  • Depression,
  • nausea,
  • mental convulsions in infants and
  • greasy, flaky skin.

Excess amounts:
  • Can cause nerve damage.


CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


Chantix (varenicline) is a smoking cessation pill developed by Pfizer.

It is a non-nicotine based drug that stimulates nicotine's effect on the brain and decreases the urge to smoke.

In head to head studies Chantix was found to be over 40% more effective than Zyban (buproprion) as a quit smoking aid.




Sanofi-Aventis is developing dianicline, a very similar drug to Chantix that is currently in phase III trials.



Join the Millions Who Have Become Nonsmokers Using the Easyway Method (Audio CD).

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Used for:

  • Energy production,
  • healthy skin, and
  • digestive system function.
The body can manufacture niacin from the amino acid tryptophan.

Best food sources:
  • Lean meat,
  • pork,
  • veal,
  • tuna,
  • halibut,
  • poultry,
  • legumes,
  • nuts and
  • enriched and fortified cereals,
  • yeast,
  • baked goods, as well as
  • coffee and tea.
Some niacin is produced in the body.

Deficiency problems: Symptoms include diarrhea, mental disorientation and skin problems.

Excess amounts: Excessive intake of nicotinic acid (a form of niacin), which usually only occurs with supplements, may cause flushed skin, liver damage, stomach ulcers and high blood sugar.

CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


Chantix works better than nicotine replacement therapy and buproprion...
An early Cochrane Review of [Chantix] effectiveness shows that it can give a three-fold increase in the odds of a person quitting smoking.
Varenicline is the first new anti-smoking drug in the last ten years, and only the third, after NRT (nicotine replacement therapy) and bupropion, to be licensed in the USA for smoking cessation.[...]

A QUESTION ABOUT A COLOSTOMY

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:58:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

A reader who wishes to remain anonymous writes:

Hello Doctor Howell,
I have a question?
My wife wears a [colostomy] bag.She has had to wear it now for about eight years.
She had double kidney failure and now only 50% use of one.
Does she or has she have to wear that bag forever or is there anything else that can be done?
My thanks for any info you can give me.


Hello:

Nice of you to write!
A colostomy is a procedure that is done to divert fecal stream for one reason or another.
Many people have it done temporarily as part of an operation where a part of the colon is removed ( for example after a stricture or obstruction). The colon is then given time to heal and the colostomy taken down (or reversed).
However if the colostomy has been placed permanently it is usually done for example to protect a patient who is bedridden prone to decubitus ulcers or after removing a very low rectal cancer.

You need to see why your wife had the colostomy done and talk to her doctor about reversing it.

Hope that helps.

Have a healthy day,
Antonio

CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


FREE DOWNLOAD: My Chantix notes.


Comparing Chantix, Zyban and placebo we have...


  • ZYBAN (BUPROPRION) +2.12kg (+4.66 lbs)

  • PLACEBO +2.92kg (+6.42 lbs)

Chantix has a better quit rate than Zyban or placebo (Chantix: 22%, Zyban: 15%, Placebo: 9%).

Zyban is associated with the least weight gain of the three (0.25kg or 0.55lbs less weight gain than Chantix and 0.80kg or 1.76lbs less weight gain than placebo).

Placebo (or essentially quitting "cold turkey") has the worst success rate (9%).

[...]
  • http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/clinical/publichealth/tobacco/cme/webcasts/dependence.html

Join the Millions Who Have Become Nonsmokers Using the Easyway Method (Click Here).

Chantix common psychiatry side effects and frequency demonstrated...

  • Anxiety,
  • Depression,
  • Emotional disorder,
  • Irritability,
  • Restlessness.
Rare psychiatric side effect found-
  • Bradyphrenia (slowed thought processes),
  • Euphoric mood,
  • Hallucination,
  • Psychotic disorder,
  • Suicidal ideation.

PROPOFOL PATIENTS DEVELOPING SEPSIS

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 3:32:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

FDA informed healthcare professionals about several clusters of patients who experienced chills, fever, and body aches shortly after receiving propofol for sedation or general anesthesia.

Multiple vials and several lots of propofol used in patients who experienced these symptoms were tested and there was no evidence that the propofol vials or prefilled syringes used were contaminated with bacteria or endotoxins.

Propofol is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. [...]

Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are used widely for the treatment of high cholesterol in the blood.

They inhibit an important enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol (HMG-CoA reductase) competitively, reduce LDL levels more than other cholesterol-lowering drugs, and lower triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients.

Common statins include:

  • Atorvastatin (LIPITOR)
  • Cerivastatin (BAYCOL)
  • Fluvastatin (LESCOL)
  • Simvastatin (ZOCOR)
  • Lovastatin (MEVACOR)
  • Pravastatin (PRAVACHOL)
  • Rosuvastatin (CRESTOR)
  • Ezetimibe+Simvastatin (VYTORIN)

Nitroglycerin given sublingual or by IV infusion to decrease mean arterial blood pressure.

Nitroglycerin is indicated for relief of ongoing chest pain, control of hypertension, or management of pulmonary congestion.

Nitroglycerin should not be administered to patients who have recently taken any phosphodiesterase inhibitor (viagra, cialis, etc) for erectile dysfunction.

Aspirin is commonly given at the time of a heart atttack and every day following.

Aspirin reduces the clot reformation and reduces the risk of recurrent heart attacks.

Aspirin has been shown to reduce mortality in heart attack survivors.

Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma.

A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases.

However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.

Mesothelioma is a serious disease with a poor long-term prognosis.

Patients with this cancer should communicate their wishes regarding treatment to their family and physicians.

Chat Ed : Welcome to this evening's webchat with Dr Patrick Bowler (cosmetic doctor from 10 years Younger in Ten Days!

Dr Patrick Bowler : Hi everyone... I'm a cosmetic dermatologist and my speciality is making people look their best. I'll be happy to answer some of your questions.

John_Burton : i was astonished when it said she had 60 injections OUCH do they hurt?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Some of them we give a local anaesthetic for, particularly around the mouth. Botox injections in the forehead are very tolerable, in fact I inject myself so that might tell you a lot.

sandrino : so how much for botox injections and is it 1 2 or more?
Charlie : How much did it cost for all the botox
Claire : hi how much is botox?

Dr Patrick Bowler : The cost depends on how many areas you want treating, but it's anything from £200 to about £330.

Charlie : how often do you have to update the botox
Veronica : what are the side effects of botox

Dr Patrick Bowler : We know that botox is a very safe drug because it has been used for medical purposes for over 16 years now. Common side effects are small bruises and droopy eyelids but these are very rare. To keep you looking your best you should have the injections two to three times a year.

Chris : what can I do about the dark rings under my eyes apart from concealer stick?
pk : Patrick, can you do anything for dark circles under ones eyes (due to sleep depravation)

Dr Patrick Bowler : Hi Chris, dark circles are notoriously difficult to treat. First off we will need to make a diagnosis because it could be dark blue blood vessels or pigmentation or shadows caused by sunken eye sockets. Treatments have variable success - it's a difficult area. pk, sorry no quick fixes, just more sleep! On a more serious note make sure you drink plenty of water and apply moisturiser under the eye.

Penny : How did you get involved in 10 years younger?

Dr Patrick Bowler : I have been performing these types of treatments for many years and Channel 4 approached me and asked me to be involved.

earlcebu : for the fact that is Botulinum Toxin , theres must be a negative effect in the long run
Meenu : Can botox be good for the face long term?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Botox has been used as a drug for over 16 years for treating various muscle problems and we know from the scientific data that there are no significant long-term problems, however I tell my patients although botox is a very popular and effective treatment at the moment new procedures will come into the market in the next few years so they do not need to look upon botox injections as a life-long procedure.

anna : Patrick, I am 30 years of age and I have crow’s feet around my eyes. Would Botox help or am i being a bit premature
dj : is 28 too young to have botox round the eyes
Kate : What is the minimum recommended age for cosmetic surgery?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Botox can be used for treating the crow's feet area very successfully. There is a good argument for using botox as a preventative measure so that even if you only have fine lines visible, by reducing the crinkling of the skin you will slow the appearance of deeper lines - in other words delay the ageing process. Good skincare programmes are vitally important and tonight's programme didn't really emphasise how important this is. So, daily protection and using a potent moisturiser containing vitamin A and vitamin C and AHAs can be a real benefit and they can enhance the effects of botox. Kate it's difficult to give precise age limits because we all age at varying rates, so for example it may be quite acceptable to perform a rhinoplasty (nose job) to somebody in their late teens but unacceptable to consider a facelift in your twenties.

Angela : is there a maximim age you can give someone botox?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Botox works best in the younger age group but that doesn't stop ladies in their 70s having botox injections with good results. They have to, of course, have realistic expectations of the outcome.

Bimbo : Are more men requesting surgery these days?
John_Burton : my mates need botox can men have it done??

Dr Patrick Bowler : Hi Bimbo, there has been a definite alteration in trends for all types of cosmetic procedures with an increasing number of men requesting treatment. In my practice ten years ago it was unusual to see a man, but now 10-12% of my patients are male. The most popular non-surgical procedure is botox for frown lines. The most popular surgical procedure for men is eye bag removal and liposuction.

pammy : did you enjoy doing the programme dr?
TheHomelessDetective : do you think if you went on for another 40 days you could make her look 5

Dr Patrick Bowler laughs
Dr Patrick Bowler : One of the great satisfactions of my job is seeing women and men look great for their age and Bernie was a fantastic example of that. I spoke to her this morning and she is still feeling really good about herself and full of self-confidence as a result of the makeover.

sammie : patrick, how would i get rid of acne scarring, and scars in general, is it an easy procedure, and where can i get it done?
Samantha : I have severe 'pitting' acne scars all over my face which have become larger and deeper with age, what could I do to improve the look of them?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Scarring of any sort is always a challenge for doctors like myself... Treatment depends on the type of scarring and its position on the face or body. You have to understand it's not possible to make the scars disappear, but it is possible to make them much less noticeable. There are a number of treatment options including lasers, peels and fillers. But you would need a personal assessment to determine the best treatment options for you.

Penny : Do you think people can sometimes have an exaggerated expectation from cosmetic techniques?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Yes, Penny, an essential part of cosmetic treatments of any sort is a thorough assessment and that first contact with the doctor is vitally important for them to explain what is possible and for the patient to understand what can be expected. Quite often those two do not meet so for the doctor it is vital to make the patient understand what is possible otherwise there will be disappointment all round. There is a rare psychiatric condition called body dysmorphic disorder where patients have a false body image - they think they look ugly but in fact will often be very beautiful. These patients who cannot be satisfied will require psychological assessment.

londoner : Can facial exercises help if done regularly? (As an alternative and cheaper!! approach)
jill : What about facial exercise. Does that help?

Dr Patrick Bowler : I think facial exercises are a double-edged sword. On the one hand it is good to tone up the facial muscles but on the other hand repeated movement may exaggerate the wrinkles. So, like many things in life, a middle road is probably the best way so some degree of facial exercise may be helpful.

Jen : To all at Channel 4 - really enjoyed the programme - thanks. Dr Bowler, can you tell me the most effective way of combating vertical lines above the upper lip. My mouth is looking like a cats a***e! I am an occasional but not a heavy smoker. Thanks
christina : what can be done for lines around the lips ?

Dr Patrick Bowler : I don't often look at cat's rear ends (!) but I think I understand your problem...This may be a family trait, a dental problem or most likely related to your smoking. There are two treatments available, one is dermal fillers which are temporary and the second is laser dermabrasion which removes the wrinkled skin and allows new wrinkle-free skin to grow through. However if you continue to smoke they will just come back.

Gail : can botox reduce sweating? I take throxine and that's a side effect. I work as a midwife and don't like dripping onto women. Drugs have failed to help

Dr Patrick Bowler : Excess thyroid activity can cause generalised sweating so it may be that your dose needs to be adjusted. If that is not a problem then it is possible to use botox to reduce sweating but only under the arms, on the hands and feet and to some extent around the hairline. It is an excellent treatment option which lasts 6-12 months. I have many patients whose social and professional lives have been transformed by the use of botox to reduce their sweating.

Chat Ed : Our half hour with Dr Bowler is almost up, so last few questions now...

Mrs Pool : Dr Bowler, can you tell me the qualifications I should look for in a therapist to perform botox correctly? Mrs Poole

Dr Patrick Bowler : OK... botox injections should only be given by a doctor or a surgeon. Nurses commonly give botox injections but should only do so under the direct supervision of the doctor. So ask the doctor how long they have been doing botox injections, how many patients they have treated and look for “before and after” pictures that they have done on their own patients. At the moment there is not a specific qualification needed to undertake botox injections but membership of the British Association of Cosmetic Doctors (www.cosmeticdoctors.co.uk) have trained practitioners around the UK.

caroline hardy : is it possible to have botox or fillers after radiotherapy treatment of lower face and neck. If not, what is available to help cancer sufferers feel good about themselves ?

Dr Patrick Bowler : Yes I'm delighted to tell you it is possible to perform various treatments even though the skin may have been damaged by radiotherapy.

jackie : having lost 5 stone in weight i have saggy kneck, what can i do to help?
SusieB : Can anything be done for a crepey neck

Dr Patrick Bowler : Hi jackie, how old are you?

jackie : i am almost 51

Dr Patrick Bowler : OK... unfortunately the only real option at your age is likely to be a surgical one that is either a facelift or a neck lift but you would need a consultation to discuss that further.

Sare : I'm only 25 but I want to know what to do for my skin now so I don't have to worry about it later
Ticker : There are currently many Botox practitioners - how can I find a good one? (I haven't heard any personal recommendations)

Dr Patrick Bowler : Hi Sare, this is a good question and I see more people in their twenties coming and asking what they can do to maintain their appearance.

londoner : stay out of the sun!!

Dr Patrick Bowler : The most important thing is to avoid excessive sun exposure, don't smoke, drink alcohol only in moderation, have a balanced diet and drink plenty of water. The sun is the worst ageing factor. Protect your skin every day. [...]



Dr Patrick Bowler
(Cosmetic surgery)
Court House Clinic
30b Wimpole Steet
London W1F
(also in Brentwood, Haywards Heath and Old Harlow)
Tel: 0870 8503456
Website: www.courthouseclinic.com

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Needed for:

  • Energy production,
  • immune system function,
  • healthy skin.

Best food sources:
  • Low-fat dairy products,
  • lean meat,
  • eggs,
  • enriched and fortified cereals and
  • baked goods and
  • green leafy vegetables.

Deficiency problems:
  • Severely malnourished people may suffer eye disorders (such as cataracts),
  • dry and flaky skin, and
  • a sore red tongue.

Excess amounts:
  • No problems have been linked to excessive riboflavin intake.

VITAMIN B1 (THIAMIN) BEST FOOD SOURCES

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 10:31:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

Needed for:

  • Normal function of the heart,
  • nerves,
  • muscle tissue and digestive system;
  • aids in carbohydrate metabolism and
  • energy production.

Best food sources:
  • Lean meat,
  • enriched and fortified cereals and
  • baked goods,
  • legumes and
  • nuts.

Deficiency problems:
  • Alcoholics are frequently low in thiamin and suffer fatigue,
  • weak muscles and
  • nerve damage as a result.

Excess amounts:
  • Excessive intake of thiamin is expelled in the urine.

VITAMIN A BEST FOOD SOURCES

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 8:27:00 AM | , , | 0 comments »


Vitamin A

Needed for:

  • Eye health,
  • retinal function in dim light only;
  • immune system;
  • maintains healthy skin and mucous membranes;
  • aids in tissue growth and repair

Best food sources: Foods contain very little vitamin A. The foods listed below are rich in carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the intestine.
  • Orange,
  • red and yellow fruits and
  • vegetables such as
  • carrots,
  • sweet potatoes,
  • tomatoes and
  • cantaloupe;
green leafy vegetables such as
  • spinach and
  • broccoli.

Deficiency problems:
  • Night blindness and other eye problems;
  • problems with reproduction,
  • poor growth.

Excess amounts:
  • Can lead to birth defects,
  • headaches,
  • vomiting,
  • double vision,
  • hair loss,
  • bone abnormalities and
  • liver damage.

ZELNORM AND DIARRHEA

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:44:00 AM | , | 0 comments »

Serious consequences of diarrhea, including hypovolemia, hypotension, and syncope have been reported in the clinical studies and during marketed use of Zelnorm.

In some cases, these complications have required hospitalization for rehydration.

Zelnorm should be discontinued immediately in patients who develop severe diarrhea, hypotension or syncope. Zelnorm should not be initiated in patients who are currently experiencing or frequently experience diarrhea.

CHANTIX AND CRAVINGS

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:07:00 PM | , , , , | 0 comments »

Chantix in the USA and Champix in Europe and Canada is manufactured by Pfizer the active ingredient is varenicline tartrate.

The nicotine from your cigarette causes certain receptors in your brain to release a chemical called dopamine which is responsible for many of the "good" feelings you get when you smoke.

When you quit smoking your brain begins to crave the dopamine effect and causes the sometimes miserable signs and symptoms of withdrawal.

Signs and symptoms such as irritability, insomnia and difficulty concentrating begin four to six hours after your last cigarette and can last up to a year after you quit smoking.

Chantix is the first approved nicotinic receptor partial agonist which imitates the same dopamine releasing receptors in your brain.

In this respect Chantix reduces cravings for and decreases the pleasurable effects of cigarettes, and through these mechanisms may assist some patients in quitting smoking.


WHAT IS A ZYGOTE?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 3:50:00 PM | , , , , | 0 comments »


In sexual reproduction, the diploid product of the fusion of the father's haploid sperm cell and the mother's haploid ovum (egg) cell.

The single-celled zygote divides billions of times to form a whole individual.



All the possible wavelengths of light a pigment can absorb.

Useful in discussing photosynthesis.










  • Chlorophyll and













  • carotenoids are example of pigments

LONGER LIFE IN COPD PATIENTS

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 10:27:00 AM | , , , , | 0 comments »

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in hypoxemic patients and smoking cessation are proven methods for prolonging life in COPD patients.

SUTENT AND KETOCONAZOLE

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:24:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »

Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole may increase Sutent (sunitinib)
plasma concentrations.

Selection of an alternate concomitant medication with no or minimal enzyme inhibition potential is recommended.

A dose reduction for Sutent to a minimum of 37.5 mg daily should be considered if Sutent must be co-administered with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor

AVANDIA AND GENDER

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:17:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

Results of the population pharmacokinetics analysis showed that the mean oral
clearance of Avandia (rosiglitazone) in female patients (n = 405) was approximately 6% lower compared to male patients of the same body weight (n = 642).

As monotherapy and in combination with metformin, Avandia improved glycemic control
in both males and females.

In metformin combination studies, efficacy was demonstrated with no gender differences in glycemic response.

In monotherapy studies, a greater therapeutic response was observed in females; however, in more obese patients, gender differences were less evident.

For a given body mass index (BMI), females tend to have a greater fat mass than males.

Since the molecular target PPARγ is expressed in adipose tissues, this differentiating characteristic may account, at least in part, for the greater response to Avandia in females.

Since therapy should be individualized, no dose adjustments are necessary based on gender alone.

AVANDIA AND GEMFIBROZIL

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:12:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

Concomitant administration of gemfibrozil (600 mg twice daily), an inhibitor of CYP2C8, and Avandia (rosiglitazone) (4 mg once daily) for 7 days increased Avandia (rosiglitazone) AUC by 127%, compared to the administration of Avandia (rosiglitazone) (4 mg once daily) alone.

Given the potential for dose-related adverse events with Avandia (rosiglitazone), a decrease in the dose of Avandia (rosiglitazone) may be needed when gemfibrozil is introduced.

AVANDIA AND P450 METABOLISM

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 10:50:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

In vitro drug metabolism studies of Avandia (rosiglitazone) suggest that it does not inhibit any of the major P450 enzymes at clinically relevant concentrations.

In vitro data demonstrate that rosiglitazone is predominantly metabolized by CYP2C8, and to a lesser extent, 2C9.

High Temperature Side Effects (39)

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 8:07:00 AM | , | 0 comments »

39°C (102.2°F) -

  • Severe sweating, flushed and very red.
  • Fast heart rate and breathlessness.
  • There may be exhaustion.
  • Children and epileptics may be very likely to get convulsions at this point.

THE COST OF BEAUTY AND PERFECTION
IS PLASTIC SURGERY IS MORE THAN VAIN COSMETIC SURGERY?
LIPOSONIX for Non-Invasive Body Sculpting (Cellulite Treatment)
CELLULITE REDUCTION MARKET GROWING?
ULTRACONTOUR, ULTRASHAPE, LIPOSONIX AND HIFU LIPOLYSIS
Ultrashape vs Liposonix
LEADING MESOTHERAPY SUPPLIER?
Lipodissolve Workshop is a Hit
What is Liposonix?


These three companies offer similar products...


Ultracontour: The Medixsysteme company has developed the Ultracontour™ Device, the first dual ultrasound instrumentation that utilizes HIFU & UMD transducers to apply energy below the skin’s surface in the subcutaneous tissue to treat the fat cells.

The objective is to treat problem areas by dissolving unwanted fat deposits using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

http://www.ultracontour.fr/


Ultrashape: The UltraShape solution is also a simple, "walk-in, walk-out" office based procedure based on the application of focused therapeutic ultrasound that selectively targets and disrupts fat cells without damaging neighboring structures.

The concept behind the company’s technology was developed by plastic surgeon Ami Glicksman, M.D., and medical physicist Yoram Eshel, Ph.D., MBA.

http://www.ultrashape.com/



Liposonix: LipoSonix, Inc. is a Seattle-based medical device company that specializes in focusing high-intensity ultrasound through the skin into precise locations within subcutaneous adipose tissue.

The ultrasound energy permanently disrupts the adipocytes without damaging the epidermis, dermis, or underlying tissues and organs.

http://www.liposonix.com/


As of June 2007 these companies are still awaiting FDA approval.


HIFU is a very exciting field of medicine today. The applications are appear to be limited to just the imagination. The high intensity sound waves can pass through tissue and be focus into one are where it disrupts the tissue by a process called cavitation. The destroyed tissue is reabsorbed by the body.
But the FDA is being cautious in its assessment of this technology and is taking the necessary amount of time to evaluate the data.

HIFU for treatment of uterine fibroids was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004.

WANTED: INDIANA QUITTERS

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 1:42:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

Want to stop smoking but need help?

Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations have been shown to decrease morbidity
in COPD patients.

What is COPD?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:07:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that includes two main illnesses:

  • chronic bronchitis and
  • emphysema.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema; the airflow obstruction is generally slowly progressive, may be accompanied by airway hyperactivity, and may be partially reversible.

HIGH TEMPERATURE SIDE EFFECTS (38)

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 1:52:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

At a temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) side effects may include...

  • Sweating,
  • feeling very uncomfortable,
  • slightly hungry.

Anthrax Vaccination Schedule

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:27:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

Full inoculation against anthrax requires a regimen of 6 shots administered
over 18 months, followed by annual booster shots.

The licensed schedule for anthrax vaccine is 0-2-4 weeks, 6-12-18 months, plus annual boosters.

Pentagon officials say a person must receive at least 3 shots to gain at least partial protection.

*a month is defined as 30 days (6 months equals 180 days). Annual boosters are based on 365 days.


CHANTIX AND NICOTINE REPLACEMENT
DIANICLINE COMPETITION FOR CHANTIX FROM SANOFI-AVENTI
WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE FOR CHANTIX?
CHANTIX SAVES LIVES
CHANTIX AND WELLBUTRIN FOR DEPRESSION
A NEGATIVE CHANTIX TESTIMONIALS: AN ADVERSE EVENT
CHANTIX MAY HELP CURB MORE THAN ONE ADDICTION
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL, AN ADVERSE EVENT OF ABDOMINAL PAIN AND GAS
CHANTIX LIKE DRUGS TO QUIT SMOKING IN THE FUTURE
CHANTIX SELF-REPORT
WHAT ARE YOUR CHANTIX DREAMS ABOUT?
CHANTIX TESTIMONIAL WITH A QUESTION
DO YOU REALLY WANT EVERYONE HOOKED ON YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS?
CHANTIX IN REVIEW


Chantix helped Tonya who wanted to have surgery to breath easier and straighten her nose-

"I scheduled my procedure approximately 4 months after my initial consult.

I knew it was going to take me at least that long to convince myself everything would be okay.

I’m in the medical field and as a result, I know first hand all the things that can go wrong during and after surgery.

I became panic-stricken if I thought too long about actually going through with the plastic surgery. In my opinion, ingorance would have been truly bliss in this particular case.

Also, I was a smoker.

I smoked anywhere from 3/4 a pack to a pack on a daily basis.

I obtained a prescription for the medication Chantix.

Chantix is an aid in the form of a pill that facilitates smoking cessation.

I wanted squash my cigarette habit to ensure proper healing post operatively.

Being the faithful smoker I was, I felt that there was a good chance I would relapse.

Giving myself 4 months to quit seemed like a reasonable amount of time to give myself to quit smoking once and for all and to aquire the courage to go ahead as planned."[...]

The compound, CDDO-Imidazolide (Im), prevented the development of precancerous lesions in the livers of rats exposed to aflatoxin, a naturally occurring toxin that can cause liver cancer in humans.

"CDDO-Im is exceptionally potent," Dr. Sporn says. "Our cell culture screens predicted that."

A small company in Dallas, Reata Pharmaceuticals, is leading the clinical development of several CDDO compounds, one of which is being tested in a phase I trial at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center to treat leukemia.

In animal models, CDDO-Im is especially potent at inducing protective enzymes in the liver and intestine, Dr. Sporn says, which, in addition to liver cancer, suggests it might have some applications in inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, and the prevention of liver metastases from colon cancer, one of the leading causes of colon cancer death.


GlaxoSmithKline said its over-the-counter weight-loss product alli will be available from pharmacies, grocery stores and other retailers in the U.S. later in the week.



The company said adding alli to a diet and exercise regime can help people lose 50% more weight than dieting alone.

ANTHRAX VACCINE ( SHOT )

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 4:50:00 PM | , | 0 comments »


Anthrax vaccine protects against anthrax disease.

The U.S. vaccine does not contain actual B. anthracis cells and it does not cause anthrax disease.

Anthrax vaccine was licensed in 1970.

Based on limited but convincing evidence, the vaccine protects against both cutaneous (skin) and inhalational anthrax. [...]

WEIGHT-LOSS HERBAL PREPARATION

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 9:29:00 AM | , , | 0 comments »

These drugs work, the only drawback are the increased blood pressure and heart rate side effects...

...a herbal preparation containing ephedra alkaloids
(from Ma Huang) and caffeine (from Kola nut), administered
with diet and exercise counseling for a 6 month period, promoted significantly greater reductions in body weight, body fat and waist and hip circumferences in overweight subjects compared with similarly counseled placebotreated
subjects.

Other beneficial effects that accompanied the greater weight loss of the herbal treatment group included decreased serum LDL-cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol levels and decreased blood glucose.

These beneficial responses observed in actively treated subjects were accompanied by small persistent increases in heart rate (4-9bpm by office visit and 1-7bpm by Holter monitor).

Small increases in blood pressure (3 mmHg) were also detected by 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitor, although not by office assessment.

The numbers of subjects removed from the study for potential treatment-related
adverse events were similar in the herbal and placebo groups.

Self-reported symptoms that were increased in the herbal treatment group were dry mouth, heartburn and insomnia.

There was no difference between groups in selfreporting of palpitations or chest pain at any time point.

ZYBAN AND WELLBUTRIN WARNINGS

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 3:22:00 AM | , | 0 comments »

Zyban and Wellbutrin are the same drug

Although Zyban is not indicated for treatment of depression, it contains the same active ingredient as the antidepressant medications Wellbutrin.

Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders.

Alkaline phosphatase is normally elevated in pregnant patients because of the contribution to the alkaline phosphatase by the placenta.

However, during pregnancy the SGOT is normal whereas in hepatitis it is usually very elevated.

Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) should have their Tykerb dose reduced.

A dose reduction to 750 mg/day in patients with severe hepatic impairment is predicted to adjust the area under the curve (AUC) to the normal range and should be considered.

However, there is no clinical data with this dose adjustment in patients with severe hepatic impairment.

Tykerb should be discontinued in patients with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is grade 2 or greater by NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) and in patients with an LVEF that drops below the institution’s lower limit of normal.

Tykerb may be restarted at a reduced dose (1,000 mg/day) after a minimum of 2 weeks
if the LVEF recovers to normal and the patient is asymptomatic.

CAPECITABINE AND TYKERB FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 2:00:00 AM | , | 0 comments »

Capecitabine should be taken with food or within 30 minutes after food.

If a day’s dose is missed, the patient should not double the dose the next day.

Treatment should be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs.

Tykerb is indicated in combination with capecitabine for the treatment of patients with
advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2 and who have received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab.

This post has moved, please follow this link to read post.

Removal of fluid from the joint (aspiration) also can contribute to relief of symptoms but, very importantly, allows the physician to analyze the fluid for clues to diagnosis.











Negatively birefringent, needle-shaped, urate crystals aspirated from a gouty tophus.










Pseudogout results from the abnormal formation of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in the cartilage, which is later followed by the release of crystals into the joint fluid. When CPP crystals are released into the joint, they can cause a sudden attack of arthritis, similar to gout. Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals appear as positively birefringent rhomboidal crystals under red compensated polarized light microscopy.

Factitious Hypoglycemia

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 9:24:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »

In healthy individuals, insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equimolar quantities because they derive from the same inactive precursor, proinsulin. Normally, less than 20% of proinsulin is released directly into the circulation.

Factitious hypoglycemia can occur in patients who have psychiatric disturbances or a need for attention and access to insulin or sulfonylurea drugs (eg, medical staff). The triad of hypoglycemia, high immunoreactive insulin levels, and suppressed plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity is pathognomonic of exogenous origin. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia can be detected by a ratio of insulin to C-peptide that is greater than 1.0.

Scleroderma - Anti-topoisomerase I antibody levels correlate closely with disease activity and severity and are associated with ILD.


Computed tomography (CT) scans obtained in two patients with systemic sclerosis demonstrate the range of CT appearances. (a) Transverse CT scan obtained at level 5 shows the most frequent CT pattern of SSc-associated lung disease, which is predominant groung-glass opacification with an admixed reticular pattern. There is evidence of traction bronchiectasis; however, unlike in patients with IPF, there is no obvious honeycombing. (b) Transverse CT scan shows a pattern that resembles that of IPF (which was seen in approximately one-third of patients in this study). There is a coarse reticular pattern with honeycombing but only limited ground-glass opacification.

What is Impetigo?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:12:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »


Impetigo is a superficial streptococcal or staphylococcal infection, characterized by transient papulovesicles that rapidly develop honey-colored crusts.

Gram stain of the lesion may confirm the presence of the offending bacteria.
*What is the treatment of Impetigo?*

What are the Kidneys?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 5:34:00 PM | , | 0 comments »


The human kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen.

There is one on each side of the of the aorta, the right kidney sits just below the liver, the left below the diaphragm and next to the spleen.

Above each kidney is an adrenal gland also called the suprarenal gland.

The kidneys act as filters removing toxins from the blood.

The kidney regulate the body's water and balance the electrolytes.

The kidneys also maintain a balance of the acids and bases in the body maintaining a the blood pH at 7.4 (a pH of 7 is neutral = equal acid to base balance).

The kidneys activate vitamin D with promotes gut absorption of calcium.

The kidneys also produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates RBC production.

*What is the FDA's warning about some erythropoietin stimulating agents?*

The Recommended Dose of Tykerb (lapatinib)

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 4:25:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

The recommended dose of Tykerb is 1,250 mg (5 tablets) given orally once daily on
Days 1-21 continuously in combination with capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2/day (administered orally in 2 doses approximately 12 hours apart) on Days 1-14 in a repeating 21 day cycle.

Tykerb should be taken at least one hour before or one hour after a meal.

The dose of Tykerb should be once daily; dividing the daily dose is not recommended

Off Label Use of Chantix

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:07:00 AM | , , , | 0 comments »

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for conditions other than those described in patient
information leaflets.

Do not use Chantix for a condition for which it was not prescribed.

Do not give your Chantix to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you
have.

It may harm them.

HOW SHOULD I STORE CHANTIX?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:02:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »

  • Store Chantix at room temperature, 59 to 86°F (15 to 30°C).
  • Safely dispose of Chantix that is out of date or no longer needed.
  • Keep Chantix and all medicines out of the reach of children.

What is Normal Human Body Temperature?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 2:43:00 PM | , | 0 comments »

Normal core body temperature of a healthy resting adult human being is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit or 37.0 degrees Celsius.

  • 98.6 F = 37.0 C = normal temperature

Get Your Dream Body

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:54:00 AM | , | 0 comments »

Get more energy for each workout with EAS Myoplex Lite.

For free sample go to eas.com or call 800-297-9776 (enter 4061).

What Makes Up The Bones?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:43:00 AM | , | 0 comments »


Mature bones are made up of three types of tissue:

  • compact tissue,
  • cancellous tissue, and
  • subchondral tissue.
A layer of cartilage covers subchondral tissue to cushion the movement of joints.

Bones support and protect internal organs, act as levers and braces for muscles to produce movement, and produce and store blood cells in the bone marrow. *How is a Bone Marrow Biopsy Done?*

What is the Bone Marrow?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:32:00 AM | , | 0 comments »


Bone marrow is the spongy material found in the center of most large bones in the body.

The different cells that make up blood are made in the bone marrow.

Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

A bone biopsy and aspiration is often done for diagnosis.
*How is a Bone Marrow Biopsy Done?*


Avandia (rosiglitazone maleate) is an oral antidiabetic agent which acts primarily by
increasing insulin sensitivity.

Avandia is used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] or adult-onset diabetes).

Avandia improves glycemic control while reducing circulating insulin levels.


Ecthyma is a form of deep skin infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.

Ecthyma is often referred as a deeper form of impetigo (a superficial infection of the skin).

Ecthyma begins like a superficial impetigo.

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci may initiate the lesion or may secondarily infect preexisting wounds.*What is the treatment of Impetigo?*

Lybrel (levonorgestrel and estradiol) is a combination oral contraceptives act by suppression of gonadotropins.

Although the primary mechanism of this action is inhibition of ovulation, other alterations include changes in the cervical mucus (which increase the difficulty of sperm entry into the uterus) and the
endometrium (which reduce the likelihood of implantation).

Patients should be counseled that oral contraceptives do not protect against transmission of
HIV (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as chlamydia, genital
herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, and syphilis.
*What are Lybrel Side Effects?*

The most common side effects of Chantix include:

  • nausea
  • changes in dreaming
  • constipation
  • gas
  • vomiting
Tell your doctor about side effects that bother you or that do not go away.

These are not all the side effects of Chantix.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

PT141 An ED Drug or An Aphrodisiac?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:50:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »



Bremelanotide (PT141) was originally developed and tested as a sunless tanning agent.

In initial testing, Melanotan II did induce tanning but additionally caused sexual arousal and spontaneous erections as unexpected side effects in eight out of the ten original male volunteer test subjects.

PT141 is currently being tested by Palatin Technologies.

Phase III clinical trial is scheduled to begin in 2007.

Like many younger ED patients, Curt has no other serious health problems.

How did this drug make him feel? “It made the process of getting an erection feel like you were a 15-year-old boy again,” says Curt.

The spray is called PT141, and unlike the other medicines, which operate on the penis itself, it works on the area of the brain that triggers erections to begin with.

“It helped the libido so you had the urge and desire to get active and get things goin’ again,” says Curt.

Of course, the medical community doesn’t want to use a word like “aphrodisiac,” but a drug that stimulates desire could rewrite the rules of the whole game. Apparently, PT141 could work for women, too. There are all sorts of new possibilities.[...read more...]
*What is the FDA Warning on Viagra, Cialis and Levitra?*
*Is Flibanserin the Viagra for Women?*
Viagra (sildenafil citrate) may decrease ability to smell
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Vicerex (10 caps) Ultimate Male Enhancement Formula! **FAST SHIP**

Chantix Dosing Instructions

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 12:49:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »

Chantix comes as a white tablet (0.5 mg) and a blue tablet (1 mg).

You start with the white tablet and then usually go to the blue tablet.

Example below for dosing instructions.

Day 1 to Day 3

  • White tablet (0.5 mg), 1 tablet each day
Day 4 to Day 7
  • White tablet (0.5 mg), twice a day
  • 1 in the morning and 1 in the evening
Day 8 to end of treatment
  • Blue tablet (1 mg) twice a day
  • 1 in the morning and 1 in the evening
This dosing schedule may not be right for everyone.

Talk to your doctor if you are having side effects such as nausea or sleep problems.

Your doctor may want to reduce your dose.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember.

If it is close to the time for your next dose, wait.

Just take your next regular dose.

Try your best not to miss a dose as this would improve your chances of success.

Studies have shown that a counseling program such as GETQUIT improves chances of successfully quitting.

If you are already taking Chantix, or have a prescription, you can sign up for GETQUIT.

To sign up, use the PIN on your enrollment card.

You can get one from your doctor or inside your Chantix Pak.

Then go to Chantix.com or call 877-CHANTIX (242-6849) and enter the PIN located on the back of your card.

If you have lost your card or don't have one, call 877-CHANTIX.

What is Zestra?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 5:28:00 PM | | 0 comments »

A female arousal product marketed by QualiLife Pharmaceuticals.

Zestra Feminine Arousal Fluid is topically applied, hormone-free solution. Zestra is a patented formulation (U.S. Patent 6,737,084) of two botanical oils and two extracts -- specifically designed to increase sexual sensation, arousal, pleasure and satisfaction for women.

Its well-studied natural ingredients are FDA recognized as dietary supplements and natural cosmetic ingredients.

Non-prescription Zestra is marketed under the FDA Cosmetics Act to improve sexual experiences for women.
http://www.zestraforwomen.com/articles/JSMT.pdf.

What is Hemoglobin?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 4:10:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »


Hemoglobin’s primary function is to bind oxygen that diffuses into the bloodstream from the lungs and then transport it to body tissues where it is released.

Hemoglobin is found in the red blood cells of the body.

Each red blood cell (RBC) contains approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules.

Hemoglobin Carries Oxygen and CO2 Back and Forth

  • The main function of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and then transport CO2 back from the tissues to the lungs.

One hemoglobin molecule has the ability to transport up to 4 oxygen molecules.

Hemoglobin levels are among the most routinely ordered blood tests, typically as part of a complete blood count. The amount of oxygen in the body tissues depends on how much hemoglobin is in the red cells. If there’s too little, the tissues lack oxygen and the heart and lungs must work harder to try to compensate. Low hemoglobin levels are usually indicative of anemia. High levels may be caused by polycythemia vera, a disease in which too many red blood cells are made.

There are two forms of hemoglobin:
  • oxyhemoglobin, which is saturated with oxygen molecules and
  • deoxyhemoglobin, which is desaturated with oxygen molecules.
O2 and CO2 are like a Ying and Yang
Oxyhemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than deoxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO2 than oxyhemoglobin.

Therefore, oxygen binds to oxyhemoglobin in the lungs and is then transported through the blood stream until it reaches the tissues.

There, the oxygen is released to myoglobin, which then transports it to the mitochondria where it is used for aerobic respiration.

In exchange, the deoxyhemoglobin picks up 2 protons and 2 molecules of CO2 and returns to the lungs, where the CO2 is released through exhalation.

*What is the normal level of hemoglobin for men and women?*

HOW DO I TAKE CHANTIX?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 11:33:00 AM | , , , , | 0 comments »

According to clinical studies provided by the manufacturers of Chantix one should:

  1. Choose a quit date when you will stop smoking.
  2. Start taking Chantix 1 week (7 days) before your quit date. This lets Chantix build up in your body. You can keep smoking during this time. Make sure that you try and stop smoking on your quit date. If you slip, try again. Some people need a few weeks for Chantix to work best.
  3. Take Chantix after eating and with a full glass (8 ounces) of water.
  4. Most people will keep taking Chantix for up to 12 weeks. If you have completely quit smoking by 12 weeks, ask your doctor if another 12 weeks of Chantix may help you stay cigarette-free.
Once you start it is important to take Chantix at the appropriate times. By so doing one decreases the incidents of adverse effects.

Nicotine withdrawal is the number one cause of failed attempts to quit smoking so even missing one dose is significant. If you are serious about quitting then do whatever you have to do not to miss a dose.

FREE DOWNLOAD: My Chantix notes.

Before starting on Chantix make sure and ell your doctor about all your other medicines including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements...

Especially, tell your doctor if you take:
  • insulin
  • asthma medicines
  • blood thinners.
When you stop smoking, there may be a change in how these and other medicines work
for you.

Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them with you to show your doctor and
pharmacist.

An SGOT/SGPT ratio greater than 2 is highly suggestive of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It occurs in 70% of these patients compared with 26% of patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis, 8% with chronic hepatitis, 4% with viral hepatitis and none with obstructive jaundice.

FREE DOWNLOAD: My Chantix notes.

Although your doctor may prescribe Chantix to help you quit smoking it is very important that you tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions including if you:
  • have kidney problems or get kidney dialysis. Your doctor may prescribe a lower dose of Chantix for you.
  • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Chantix has not been studied in pregnant women. It is not known if Chantix will harm your unborn baby. It is best to stop smoking before you get pregnant.
  • are breastfeeding. Although it was not studied, Chantix may pass into breast milk. You and your doctor should discuss alternative ways to feed your baby if you take Chantix.

*Although this list is important it is not exhaustive and there may be more information your doctor may require.

What is Sporothrix schenckii?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 8:40:00 PM | | 0 comments »


Cutaneous fungi.

Characteristically found on rosebushes, barberry bushes, sphagnum moss, and other mulches, it most often infects farm laborers, gardeners, and horticulturists.

The primary lesion, usually on the finger, begins as a small, movable, non tender, subcutaneous nodule that slowly enlarges, adheres to the skin, becomes pink and later necrotic, and finally ulcerates.

It responds readily to potassium iodide solution.

Symptoms include a small, painless, red lump that develops at the site of infection and ultimately develops into an ulcer. Lesions are often on the hands and forearm, as these areas are a common site of injury.

The organism follows the lymph flow causing small ulcers to appear in lines on the skin as the infection progresses up the arm (or leg).

These lesions do not heal unless treated and may remain ulcerated for years.

What is Zygomycosis?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 7:58:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »


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Opportunistic fungus. Not dimorphic. Nonseptate, broad hyphae found in tissue.

The term zygomycosis describes in the broadest sense any infection due to a member of the Zygomycetes.

These are primitive, fast growing, terrestrial, largely saprophytic fungi with a cosmopolitan distribution.

Zygomycosis in the debilitated patient is the most acute and fulminate fungal infection known.

The disease typically involves
  • the rhino-facial-cranial area,
  • lungs,
  • gastrointestinal tract,
  • skin, or
  • less commonly other organ systems.

It is often associated with
  • acidotic diabetes,
  • starvation,
  • severe burns,
  • intravenous drug abuse,
and other diseases such as
  • leukemia and lymphoma,
  • immunosuppressive therapy, or
  • the use of cytotoxins and corticosteroids,
  • therapy with desferrioxamine (an iron chelating agent for the treatment of iron overload) and
  • other major trauma.

The infecting fungi have a predilection for invading vessels of the arterial system, causing embolization and subsequent necrosis of surrounding tissue.

A rapid diagnosis is extremely important if management and therapy are to be successful.

What is Eczema?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 5:55:00 PM | , , | 0 comments »


Eczema or atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants and children, affecting 10 to 15 percent of the childhood population.

Although the cause of atopic dermatitis is not known, it is thought that there may be an allergic or immune mediated component.

Patients have chronic itching and dry skin, which results in redness and damage to the skin due to rubbing and scratching.

FREE DOWNLOAD: My Chantix notes.

An anonymous reader writes:
What they don't tell you is althought it is great for quitting smoking-- the anxiety and depression begin to get worse AFTER you stop taking the medicine.
I was fine on the meds--- I have gone downhill FAST since I stopped taking chantix. My only pride is I don't smoke, I am a terrible person and don't like myself because of this "Wonder drug."

Chantix has not been studied in children under 18 years of age.

Chantix is not recommended for children under 18 years of age.

Do not take Chantix if you are allergic to anything in it.


Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram negative bacteria also known as Branhamella catarrhalis or Neisseria catarrhalis.

Although M. catarrhalis has been recognized as a cause of human infections since the early 1900s, the variety of infections caused by this species has only been documented clearly in the past 10 to 15 years.

M. catarrhalis causes acute, localized infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchopneumonia as well as life-threatening, systemic diseases including endocarditis and meningitis.

M. catarrhalis also causes a large proportion of cases of lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and chronic bronchitis and frank pneumonia.

The mechanisms by which M. catarrhalis causes infections are not understood.

FDA Warns About DEG Poisoning

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 1:10:00 PM | , , , , | 0 comments »

Diethylene glycol (DEG) in cough syrup resulted in serious human injury and over 40 deaths in Panama in September 2006.

These recent DEG poisoning incidents involved a "glycerin" product manufactured in China that was a mixture of sorbitol and DEG and less than one percent glycerin.

In May 2007, FDA received accounts that toothpaste from China shipped to Panama, Australia, and the Dominican Republic was found to contain DEG. A significant amount of toothpaste from China is imported into the United States. FDA is presently sampling dentifrice products manufactured in China to determine potential contamination with DEG.

When taking Chantix...

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with hepatic impairment.

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

What is Diethylene glycol (DEG)?

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 6:33:00 AM | , | 0 comments »

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a glycol compound possessing toxicity similar to ethylene glycol.

It is a Central Nervous System depressant and potent kidney and liver toxin when ingested.

It is commonly used in industry as a solvent, a thickening agent, a humectant, and as a component in antifreeze and gas conditioning formulations.

DEG has been improperly used as a low-cost substitute for glycerin and propylene glycol in pharmaceutical preparations resulting in various lethal poisoning incidents in humans worldwide.


Do not take Zeldox if you have an allergy to:

  • Ziprasidone
  • any of the ingredients in Zeldox
Symptoms of an allergic reaction to Zeldox may include:
  • hives, itching or skin rash.
  • shortness of breath, wheezing.
  • swelling of the face, lips or tongue which may lead to difficulty swallowing or breathing.
Do not take Zeldox if you have or have had any of the following medical conditions:
  • a recent heart attack
  • heart failure that is not well-controlled
  • abnormal rhythm of the heart or any other condition requiring other drugs to control your heart rhythm

Chantix Q&A

Posted by Antonio Howell, M.D. | 2:41:00 PM | , , , | 0 comments »


What is Chantix?

Chantix is a prescription medicine to help adults stop smoking.

Chantix is supplied for oral administration in two strengths:

  • a 0.5 mg capsular biconvex, white to off-white, film-coated tablet debossed with "Pfizer" on one side and "CHX 0.5" on the other side and
  • a 1 mg capsular biconvex, light blue film-coated tablets debossed with "Pfizer" on one side and "CHX 1.0" on the other side.

Results are amazing and Lipodissolve centers are popping up all over the country as people line up to have the procedure performed. It is considered an alternative to liposuction for many individuals.

"There are no divots, lumps or downtime," explains the Center for Laser Surgery's Dr. Robert Adrian, who three years ago was the first physician in D.C. to offer the service. One of his priorities is making sure patients are suited for the procedure. Because lipodissolve attacks individual pockets of fat, it's meant for healthy people who haven't been able to reduce certain areas through diet and exercise. "If you take someone who's 100 pounds overweight, they'll be disappointed," he says.
http://www.readexpress.com/read_freeride/2007/05/the_deal_with_dissolve.php

Plastic surgeon reports success with lipodissolve and mesotherapy treatments.

Peter A. Salas, MD, a Board Certified Plastic Surgeon, presented data from his studies, which supported the use of mesotherapy as a valuable and effective treatment in aesthetic medicine.

In research presented at meetings of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), Dr Salas demonstrated reduction in abdominal fat as measured by improvement in abdominal circumference and pinch test compared with placebo.

There was a high degree of patient satisfaction.

He also noted that a combination of therapeutic agents was superior to a single agent.

Additionally, in patients who underwent treatment of lower eyelid fat pads, 90% of patients reported improvement.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1193553

For patients with severe renal impairment, the recommended starting dose of Chantix is 0.5 mg once daily.

Patients may then titrate as needed to a maximum dose of 0.5 mg twice a day.

For patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, a maximum dose of 0.5 mg once daily may be administered if tolerated well.

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment.

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